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Tarifom

Malimi soya nim ŋɔ niŋ
Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
ŋmeli baŋa
product, product type
Yaɣ sheliconsumer electronics, electrical appliance, home appliance, product, telecommunications equipment Mali niŋ
Di bukaatadialogue Mali niŋ
Din yihirina bee n maanaJohann Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray, Alexander Graham Bell, Antonio Meucci Mali niŋ
Yihibu saha1876 Mali niŋ
Taarihi bachikpani dalinlihistory of the telephone Mali niŋ
Kumsi maliburingtone Mali niŋ

Tarifom[1]

An old rotary dial telephone
AT&T push button telephone made by Western Electric, model 2500 DMG black, 1980

Tarifom nyɛla nucheenaŋ din nyɛ fiila dibu bini ka che ka niriba ayi bee salo ban gari lala kalinli ŋɔ tooi mali diri alizama di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ be kantiŋ ni taba. Tarifom nyɛla din lɛbigiri kumsim mini ninsali kukoli "electronic" nahingbaŋ ka di dɔni mihi mini yɛltɔɣa yɛlibu so shɛŋa din pahi. Lala bachi ŋɔ nyɛla din yina φωνή (phōnē, kukoli ni) ka di gbunni nyɛ kantiŋ kukoli.[2]

Yuuni 1876, Alexander Graham Bell n-daa nyɛ tuuli ninvuɣ bɛ ni daa ti United States soli zaŋ n-ti binshɛli din labiri yɛri ninsali kukoli.[3] Lala bini ŋɔ nyɛla niriba pam ni daa mali shɛli niŋdi bɛ daabiligu shee mini bɛ yiŋsi.

Binshɛŋa din laɣim taba leei tarifom nyɛ nucheebaŋ mini "earphone" ka di labiri yɛri kantiŋ yɛltɔɣa.[4]

Piligu taarihi

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Alexander Graham Bell's Telephone Patent Drawing
Replica of the telettrofono, invented by Antonio Meucci and credited by several sources as the first telephone.[5]
Bell placing the first New York to Chicago telephone call in 1892

Pɔi ka bɛ niŋ niɣilim tarifom, bachi din nyɛ tarifom ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli n-tiri binyɛra shɛŋa bɛ ni mali amaa ka niɣilim buɣim neen maana zaa nyɛ ban mali lala bachi ŋɔ tumdi tuma. Piligu bɛ ni daa yunsiri bachi shɛli n-ti fiila dibu nyɛ "telephon" ka ŋun daa nam li nyɛ Gottfried Huth yuuni 1796. Huth nyɛla ŋun daa niŋ binshɛli zaŋ n-ti Claude Chappe ka di daa nyɛ binshɛli din tɔri taba ka o booni li "speaking tubes" amaa ka bɛ pa booni li "megaphone".[6] Fiila dibu bini nyɛla Captain John Taylor ni daa niŋ shɛli yuuni 1844 ka daa boli tarifom.[7][8]


Johann Philipp Reis daa nyala ŋun zaŋ yuli ŋo n ti bini sheli o ni daa mali, ka bi kuli mili Reis tarifom, yuuni 1860.

"Tarifom" daa pa leegi bachi sheli bala pam ni daa taɣi deegi n pahi bi dina ni. Yuli maa nyala din yi Greek na ; τῆλε, tēle, "katiŋa " ni φωνή, phōnē, "yeltoɣa", ka di zaa gbunni nye "katiŋ yeltoɣa".

Paɣibu zaŋti ŋun tuui mali tarifom din mali niɣilim buɣim tumdi tuma nyala din mali nangban kpeeni pam, dama bi bi jendi mi di ni yen zaŋ lala paɣabu ŋo n ti so. Kamani radio adakabila, ninliha kpanjoɣu, bolfu ni komputer , niriba pam daa nyala ban tum tuma din yen che ka yeltoɣa tooi doli mia , ka sheba daa tum pahi bini pun niŋ binsheŋa zuɣu, ka di lebigi vienyela. Nangban kpeeni zaŋkpa lala yeltoɣa ŋo nyala niriba ni na kuli mali sheli. Charles Bourseul, Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Alexander Graham Bell, ni Elisha Gray, ni ban pahi nyala bini kuli mali paɣabu ntiri sheba diyi kana tarifom tuu mali ni. [9][10]

Alexander Graham Bell n daa nye United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) ni daa tuui ti so niɣilim buɣum tarifom patent silimin goli March yuuni 1876. [11]Poi ka o daa naanyi nya lala patent ŋo, tarifom daa nyala din talindi yeltoɣa kamani telegraph.

Tarifom Shali Din Ka Miya

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Tarifom shali din ka miya   bɛɛ nucheebaŋ din mali tambo shee di gbani polo.  Di gban maa nyɛla din gohi tarifom miya ka di deri yɛltɔɣi n tiri li, bin mi shali voice over IP (VOIP). Lala nucheebaŋ ŋɔ tumdi mi ni di gbani maa ka di mali walansi mihi n tum da. Lala tarifom ŋɔ bi tumdi n chaŋ ka tiŋa. Di tumdi la yili ni bɛɛ loɣili din bi waɣa ni di gbani maa

Mobile phone usage

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Yuuni 2002, kɔbigi puuni vaabu pia zaŋ n-ti duniya kalinli puuni nyɛ ban daa yunsiri nucheebaŋ ka yuuni 2005 kalinli ŋɔ nyɛ din daa pahi paai kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinahi ni ayobu.[12] Bin din gbaai yuuni 2009 naabu ni, salo ban kalinli yaɣi "billion" dibaa ayobu nyɛ ban mali nucheebaŋ mini tarifom dunia zaa. Di ni nyɛ 1.26 "billion" nyɛla ban daa mali tarifom ka 4.6 "billion" nyɛ ban mali nucheebaŋsi.[13]


Lihimi m-pahi

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Kundivihira

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  1. ↑ Naden, Tony. 2014. Dagbani dictionary. Webonary.
  2. ↑ Etymology of the word "phone".
  3. ↑ Who Is Credited With Inventing the Telephone.
  4. ↑ United States Coast Guard Sound-Powered Telephone Talkers Manual, 1979, p. 1.
  5. ↑ Carroll, Rory (June 17, 2002). "Bell did not invent telephone, US rules". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jun/17/humanities.internationaleducationnews.
  6. ↑ Holzmann, Gerard J.; Pehrson, Björn, The Early History of Data Networks, pp. 90-91, Wiley, 1995 Tɛmplet:Isbn.
  7. ↑ The Year-book of Facts in Science and Art. Simpkin, Marshall, and Company. July 6, 1845. p. 55 – via Internet Archive.
  8. ↑ "The Telephone and Telephone Exchanges" by J. E. Kingsbury published in 1915.
  9. ↑ Coe, Lewis (1995). The telephone and its several inventors : a history. Internet Archive. Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co. ISBN 978-0-7864-0138-3.
  10. ↑ Kempe, Harry Robert; Garcke, Emile (1911). "Telephone" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 547–57.
  11. ↑ Brown, Travis (1994). Historical first patents : the first United States patent for many everyday things. Internet Archive. Metuchen, N.J. : Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-2898-8.
  12. ↑ Are Cell Phones Ruining Our Social Skills? – SiOWfa15: Science in Our World: Certainty and Controversy.
  13. ↑ Next-Generation Networks Set to Transform Communications, Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine International Telecommunication Union website, 4 September 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2009.

Karim Pahi

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • Brooks, John (1976). Telephone: The first hundred years. HarperCollins.
  • Bruce, Robert V. (1990). Bell: Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-9691-2.
  • Casson, Herbert Newton. (1910) The history of the telephone online.
  • Coe, Lewis (1995). The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.
  • Evenson, A. Edward (2000). The Telephone Patent Conspiracy of 1876: The Elisha Gray – Alexander Bell Controversy. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.
  • Fischer, Claude S. (1994) America calling: A social history of the telephone to 1940 (Univ of California Press, 1994)
  • Huurdeman, Anton A. (2003). The Worldwide History of Telecommunications Hoboken: NJ: Wiley-IEEE Press.
  • John, Richard R. (2010). Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • MacDougall, Robert. The People's Network: The Political Economy of the Telephone in the Gilded Age. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Mueller, Milton. (1993) "Universal service in telephone history: A reconstruction." Telecommunications Policy 17.5 (1993): 352–69.
  • Todd, Kenneth P. (1998), A Capsule History of the Bell System. American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T).
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